43 research outputs found
Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Exerted by Pesticides in Different Biotic Matrices-An Overview of More Than a Decade of Experimental Evaluation
Agrochemicals represent one of the most important sources of environmental pollution. Although attempts to reduce agrochemical use through organic agricultural practices and the use of other technologies to control pests continue, the problem is still unsolved. Recent technological advances in molecular biology and analytical science have allowed the development of rapid, robust, and sensitive diagnostic tests (biomarkers) that can be used to monitor exposure to, and the effects of pollution. One of the major goals of our research laboratory is to evaluate comparatively the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by several pure agrochemicals and their technical formulations commonly used in Argentina on vertebrate cells in vitro and in vivo employing several end-points for geno and cytotoxicity. Among them are listed the herbicides dicamba and flurochloridone, the fungicide zineb, the insecticides pirimicarb and imidacloprid. Overall, the results clearly demonstrated that the damage induced by the commercial formulations is in general greater than that produced by the pure pesticides, suggesting the presence of deleterious components in the excipients with either a putative intrinsic toxic effect Larramendy et al. 4 or with the capacity of exacerbating 52 the toxicity of the pure agrochemicals, or both. Accordingly, the results highlight that: 1) A complete knowledge of the toxic effect/s of the active ingredient is not enough in biomonitoring studies; 2) Pesticide/s toxic effect/s should be evaluated assaying to the commercial formulation available in market; 3) The deleterious effect/s of the excipient/s present within the commercial formulation should not be either discarded nor underestimated, and 4) A single bioassay is not enough to characterize the toxicity of a agrochemical under study.Fil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Nikoloff, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz de Arcaute, Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentin
Testing genotoxicity and cytotoxicity strategies for the evaluation of commercial radiosterilized fetal calf sera
Effects of 18 commercial lots of fetal calf serum (FCS) after Îł-irradiation and their non-irradiated counterparts were comparatively analyzed on CHO-K1 and MDBK MDL1 cells for genotoxicity [sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MNi), and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)], cytotoxicity [cell-cycle progression (CCP), proliferative replication index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), growth promotion (GP), and plating efficiency (PE)], and microbiological properties (mycoplasma and bovine viral diarrhea virus contamination). SCE and SCGE were the most informative end-points for genotoxicity since significant differences were found in 44.4% (P < 0.05-0.001, Student's t-test) and 61.1% (P < 0.05-0.001, χ2 test) samples, respectively. MI was the cytotoxicity assay revealing the greatest variation, showing differences in 66.7% (P < 0.05-0.001, χ2 test) samples. Thus, these three end-points for screening bioproducts such as FCS were found most suitable for detecting potential geno-cytotoxicants in biological samples; their simultaneous use could be strongly recommended.Fil: Pilili, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: González, Norma Viviana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Molinari, Gabriela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Reigosa, Miguel Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin
Principios de EcotoxicologĂa
Este libro ha surgido como una iniciativa abordada como Profesor a cargo de la asignatura de EcotoxicologĂa y EvaluaciĂłn de Riesgo de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en respuesta a la demanda que año tras año han venido planteándonos los estudiantes que transitan el curso, respecto a poder contar con un libro de texto que los guĂe en el estudio de la materia dado que los textos disponibles en español son escasos. Además, tal demanda no parece ser Ăşnica de los estudiantes de UNLP, si no que la misma aparece como una necesidad generalizada en diferentes universidades de Argentina y otros paĂses de habla hispana, por lo cual este libro se ha presentado como una gran oportunidad para convocar a colegas de diferentes casas de estudio de Argentina y LatinoamĂ©rica con experticia en diferentes áreas de la EcotoxicologĂa, de modo tal de, conjuntamente, elaborar un libro de texto universitario que brinde a los estudiante los fundamentos básicos de la disciplina desde la diversidad de visiones proporcionada por las diferentes escuelas de las que provienen cada uno de los autores convocados. Otro de los aspectos destacables, y que ha sido atractivo para abordar la empresa,es la forma en que EDULP publica sus libros, en plataforma online y completamente gratuita,hecho que posibilita el acceso al texto no sĂłlo a estudiantes de la UNLP, sino de cualquier lugar del mundo que estĂ©n interesados en introducirse en la materia.El texto se estructura de manera tal de cubrir los temas más relevantes de la disciplina, organizado en catorce capĂtulos agrupados en tres secciones. En primer lugar, un capĂtulo introductorio. Luego, una secciĂłn vinculada a reconocer los principales contaminantes ambientales y los factores que determinan la exposiciĂłn de los organismos y los mecanismos por los cuales ingresan y se acumulan en los mismos. A continuaciĂłn, otra secciĂłn relacionada con los diferentes tipos de efectos que los contaminantes ambientales pueden inducir en los organismos, desde los mecanismos de acciĂłn hasta las consecuencias sobre sus capacidades biolĂłgicas y como ello luego puede afectar los niveles ecolĂłgicos de las poblaciones y las comunidades. Finalmente, la tercera secciĂłn aborda las herramientas más caracterĂsticas de la disciplina, como son los bioensayos de toxicidad, los biomarcadores y la evaluaciĂłn de riesgo ecolĂłgico. Cada capĂtulo se ha intentado organizar abordando cada tema primero desde los aspectos teĂłricos y generales,luego presentando ejemplos de caso de investigaciĂłn generados por cada uno de los propios autores y finalmente brindando alguna herramienta que los estudiantes puedan utilizar, como por ejemplo para realizar en un trabajo práctico.Fil: AmĂ©, MarĂa Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico CĂłrdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en BioquĂmica ClĂnica e InmunologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Anguiano, Olga Liliana. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Demetrio, Pablo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Eissa, Bettina Lorena. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de EcologĂa y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Ferrari, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Gagneten, Ana MarĂa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Laborde, Milagros Rosa Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn Productiva. Agencia Nacional de PromociĂłn CientĂfica y TecnolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. TecnologĂa e InnovaciĂłn Productiva. Agencia Nacional de PromociĂłn CientĂfica y TecnolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Lo Nostro, Fabiana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y BiologĂa Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y BiologĂa Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Menone, Mirta Lujan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Monserrat, JosĂ© MarĂa. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ossana, Natalia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Programa de EcofisiologĂa Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Peluso, MarĂa Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Regaldo, Luciana MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rimoldi, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz de Arcaute, Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de ToxicologĂa; Argentina. Sociedad de ToxicologĂa y QuĂmica Ambienta; Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de BiologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto TecnolĂłgico de ChascomĂşs - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto TecnolĂłgico de ChascomĂşs; Argentin
Hypsiboas pulchellus (Anura, Hylidae) tadpoles, a novel amphibian experimental model in aquatic pollution research
It is accepted worldwide that amphibians are the evolutionary step that happened when vertebrates left the oceans, lakes, and other water bodies and came onto land. Today, amphibians comprise three lineages, including frogs and toads (Anura), salamanders (Urodela or Caudata), and caecilians (Gymnophiona, Apoda, or Caecilia). Amphibians are ectotherms and their skin is permeable to water, ions, and respiratory gases. The essential characteristics of their environment include appropriate levels of humidity, temperature, and lighting, as well as retreat sites. Terrestrial and arboreal species require moist substrates, water dishes, and high relative humidity.Fil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de CitogenĂ©tica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin
Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells treated with insecticide pirimicarb
Pirimicarb and its formulation Aficida® (50% pirimicarb) effects were studied on CHO-K1 cells employing sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA), cell-cycle progression and mitotic index analyses. Continuous treatments were performed within 10-300 ÎĽg/ml concentration-range. Pirimicarb, but not Aficida®, induced a concentration-dependent increase of abnormal cells. Pirimicarb induced a greater frequency of chromatid/isochromatid breaks than Aficida® did. Regression analyses showed a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of chromatid-type breaks for both compounds whereas only the frequency of isochromatid-type breaks did in those pirimicarb-treated cultures. SCEs in pirimicarb- or Aficida®-treated cultures were significantly higher than control values with concentrations of 100-200 ÎĽg/ml. Both test compounds induced equivalent frequency of SCEs. A delay in cell-cycle kinetics was observed for pirimicarb and Aficida® within 100-300 and 200-300 ÎĽg/ml concentration-range, respectively. An inhibition of MI was observed for both chemicals regardless of tested concentrations. Finally, the CAs appears to be a higher sensitive bioassay to detect DNA damage at lower concentrations of pirimicarb than SCEs does. The results demonstrated that pirimicarb and Aficida® exert geno-cytotoxicity, at least in CHO-K1 cells.Fil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de CitogenĂ©tica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de CitogenĂ©tica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin
Analysis of possible genotoxicity of the herbicide flurochloridone and its commercial formulations: Endo III and Fpg alkaline comet assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Pack Gold® and Rainbow® were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells. Using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, we observed that FLC (15 ÎĽg/ml), Twin Pack Gold® or Rainbow® induced primary DNA damage, increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids. Vitamin E pretreatment did not modify the effect. Decreased cell viability was observed only in Twin Pack Gold®-treated cultures and was significantly ameliorated by vitamin E. Post-treatment of herbicide-damaged CHO-K1 cells with the enzymes Endo III or Fpg did not increase FLC-, Twin Pack Gold®-, or Rainbow®-induced DNA damage. These results demonstrate that neither FLC nor FLC-based formulations induce DNA damage through hydroxyl radical or lipid alkoxyl radical production, and that the induced DNA lesions were not related to oxidative damage at the purine/pyrimidine level. Our observations strongly suggest that the cytotoxic effects observed after Twin Pack Gold® exposure are due to the excipients contained within the technical formulation rather than FLC itself.Fil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Nikoloff, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentin
Assessment of DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells after flurochloridone herbicide exposure
In vitro effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Pack Gold® [25% active ingredient (a.i.)] and Rainbow® (25% a.i.) were evaluated in HepG2 cells. Whereas cytokinesisblocked micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays were employed for genotoxicity, MTT, neutral red, and apoptosis detections were used for cytotoxicity evaluation. Activities were tested within the concentration range of 0.25-15 µg/ml FLC. Results demonstrated that neither FLC nor Rainbow® was able to induce MNs. On the other hand, 5 µg/ml Twin Pack G old® only increased MN frequency. Furthermore, 10 and 15 µg/ml of both formulations resulted in cellular cytotoxicity demonstrated by alterations in the nuclear division index and cellular death. A marked increase in the genetic damage index was observed after treatment with all compounds. SCGE assay appeared to be more sensitive bioassay for detecting primary DNA strand breaks at lower concentrations of FLC than did MN. Our results reveal that FLC and its two formulations trigger apoptosis on HepG2 cells. The results represent the first experimental evidence of the in vitro apoptogenic role exerted on mammalian cells by FLC and the FLC-based formulations Rainbow® and Twin Pack Gold®, at least on HepG2 cells.Fil: Nikoloff, Noelia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentin
Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluation of the herbicide flurochloridone on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells
The in vitro effects of flurochloridone (FLC) and its formulations Twin Gold Pack® (25% a.i.) and Rainbow® (25% a.i.) were evaluated on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells by genotoxicity [sister chromatid exchange (SCE)] and cytotoxicity [cell-cycle progression, proliferative rate index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), MTT, and neutral red] end points. Cells were treated for 24. h within the 0.25-15 ÎĽg/ml concentration range. FLC and Twin Pack Gold® induced a significant and equivalent increase in SCEs regardless of the concentration. Rainbow®-induced SCEs at concentrations higher than 2.5 ÎĽg/ml; however, the increases were always lower than those induced by FLC and Twin Pack Gold®. For all compounds, the PRI decreased as a function of the concentration titrated into cultures. Whereas only the highest FLC and Twin Pack Gold® concentrations induced a significant reduction of the MI, all tested Rainbow® concentrations induced MI inhibition. Overall, the results demonstrated that although all compounds were not able to reduce the lysosomal activity, the mitochondrial activity was diminished when the highest concentrations were employed. These observations represent the first study analyzing the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by FLC and two formulated products on mammalian cells in vitro, at least on CHO-K1 cells.Fil: Nikoloff, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentin
Comparative EvaluationIn vitroof the HerbicideFlurochloridone by Cytokinesis-blockMicronucleus Cytome and Comet Assays
Thein-vitroeffects of flurochloridone and its formulations Twin Pack Gold1(25% a.i.) andRainbow1(25% a.i.) were evaluated in Chinese Hamster Ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The cytokinesis-blockmicronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays were used. Theactivities were tested within the range of final concentrations of 0.25–15lg flurochloridone/mL. Theresults demonstrated that both the flurochloridone and Rainbow1were not able to induce micronuclei(MN). On the other hand, Twin Pack Gold1only increased the frequency of MN at 5lg/mL. Furthermore,10 and 15lg/mL of both formulations resulted in a cellular cytotoxicity demonstrated by alterations in thenuclear division index and cellular death. SCGE assay appeared to be a more sensitive bioassay fordetecting primary DNA strand breaks at lower concentrations of flurochloridone than MN did. A markedincrease in the genetic damage index was observed when 5 and 15lg/mL of both flurochloridone andRainbow1but only when 15lg/mL of Twin Pack Gold1were used. This is the first report demonstratingthat flurochloridone and its two commercial formulations are able to induce single-strand DNA breaksinvitroon mammalian cells.Fil: Nikoloff, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de CitologĂa; Argentin
Pirimicarb-based formulation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on the fresh water fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae)
We analyzed the aspects of lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in the ten spotted live-bearer exposed under laboratory conditions to the pirimicarb-based formulation Patton Flow1 (50% active ingredient (a.i.)). Acute effects were evaluated using different end points for lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimation was employed as a bioassay for lethality, whereas micronucleus (MN) induction and alterations in erythrocyte/erythroblast frequency were used as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Results demonstrated an LC5096h value of 88 mg/L. Patton Flow1 increased the MN frequency in fish erythrocytes after 48 h of exposure at a concentration of 66 mg/L, whereas a concentration range of 22?66 mg/L was able to exert the same genotoxic effect at 96 h of treatment. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was also observed by alterations in erythrocyte/erythroblast frequencies within the concentration range of 22? 66 mg/L, regardless of the exposure time. Our current observations provide evidence that Patton Flow1 (50% a.i.) should be considered a clear lethal, cytotoxic, and genotoxic agent on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Thus, repeated applications of this carbamic insecticide can enter the aquatic environment and exert deleterious effects on aquatic organisms other than the evaluated species C. decemmaculatus.Fil: Vera Candioti, Josefina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Citogenetica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Soloneski, Sonia Maria Elsa. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Citogenetica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Larramendy, Marcelo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Citogenetica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin